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more – file perusal filter for crt viewing
View a file in terminal with ability to scroll down.
Usage:
more [-dlfpcsu] [-num] [+/pattern] [+linenum] [file ...]
Options:
-num This option specifies an integer number which is the screen size (in lines). -d more will prompt the user with the message "[Press space to continue, 'q' to quit.]" and will display "[Press 'h' for instructions.]" instead of ringing the bell when an illegal key is pressed. -l more usually treats ^L (form feed) as a special character, and will pause after any line that contains a form feed. The -l option will prevent this behavior. -f Causes more to count logical, rather than screen lines (i.e., long lines are not folded). -p Do not scroll. Instead, clear the whole screen and then display the text. Notice that this option is switched on automatically if the executable is named page. -c Do not scroll. Instead, paint each screen from the top, clearing the remainder of each line as it is displayed. -s Squeeze multiple blank lines into one. -u Suppress underlining. +/ The +/ option specifies a string that will be searched for before each file is displayed. +num Start at line number.
less – opposite of more
View a file in terminal with ability to scroll up and down.
Usage:
less -?
less --help
less -V
less --version
less [-[+]aABcCdeEfFgGiIJKLmMnNqQrRsSuUVwWX~] [-b space] [-h lines] [-j line] [-k keyfile] [-{oO} logfile] [-p pattern] [-P prompt] [-t tag] [-T tagsfile] [-x tab,...] [-y lines] [-[z] lines] [-# shift] [+[+]cmd] [--] [filename]...
Options:
-?, --help This option displays a summary of the commands accepted by less (the same as the h command). (Depending on how your shell interprets the question mark, it may be necessary to quote the question mark, thus: "-?".) -a, --search-skip-screen Forward search skips current screen. -A, --SEARCH-SKIP-SCREEN Forward search always skips target line. -b[N], --buffers=[N] Number of buffers. -B, --auto-buffers Don't automatically allocate buffers for pipes. -c, --clear-screen Repaint by clearing rather than scrolling. -d, --dumb Dumb terminal. -D[xn.n], --color=xn.n Set screen colors. (MS-DOS only) -e, -E, --quit-at-eof, --QUIT-AT-EOF Quit at end of file. -f, --force Force open non-regular files. -F, --quit-if-one-screen Quit if entire file fits on first screen. -g, --hilite-search Highlight only last match for searches. -G, --HILITE-SEARCH Don't highlight any matches for searches. -h [N], --max-back-scroll=[N] Backward scroll limit. -i, --ignore-case Ignore case in searches that do not contain uppercase. -I, --IGNORE-CASE Ignore case in all searches. -j [N], --jump-target=[N] Screen position of target lines. -J, --status-column Display a status column at left edge of screen. -k [file], --lesskey-file=[file] Use a lesskey file. -K, --quit-on-intr Exit less in response to ctrl-C. -L, --no-lessopen Ignore the LESSOPEN environment variable. -m, -M, --long-prompt, --LONG-PROMPT Set prompt style. -n, -N, --line-numbers, --LINE-NUMBERS Don't use line numbers. -o [file], --log-file=[file] Copy to log file (standard input only). -O [file], --LOG-FILE=[file] Copy to log file (unconditionally overwrite). -p [pattern], --pattern=[pattern] Start at pattern (from command line). -P [prompt], --prompt=[prompt] Define new prompt. -q, -Q, --quiet, --QUIET, --silent, --SILENT Quiet the terminal bell. -r, -R, --raw-control-chars, --RAW-CONTROL-CHARS Output "raw" control characters. -s, --squeeze-blank-lines Squeeze multiple blank lines. -S, --chop-long-lines Chop long lines. -t [tag], --tag=[tag] Find a tag. -T [tagsfile], --tag-file=[tagsfile] Use an alternate tags file. -u, -U, --underline-special, --UNDERLINE-SPECIAL Change handling of backspaces. -V, --version Display the version number of "less". -w, --hilite-unread Highlight first new line after forward-screen. -W, --HILITE-UNREAD Highlight first new line after any forward movement. -x [N[,...]], --tabs=[N[,...]] Set tab stops. -X, --no-init Don't use termcap init/deinit strings. --no-keypad Don't use termcap keypad init/deinit strings. -y[N], --max-forw-scroll=[N] Forward scroll limit. -z[N], --window=[N] Set size of window. -" [c[c]], --quotes=[c[c]] Set shell quote characters. -~, --tilde Don't display tildes after end of file. -# [N], --shift=[N] Horizontal scroll amount (0 = one half screen width) --no-keypad Don't send keypad init/deinit sequence. --follow-name The F command changes files if the input file is renamed.
head – output the first part of files
Usage:
head [OPTION]… [FILE]…Options:
-c, --bytes=[-]K print the first K bytes of each file; with the leading `-', print all but the last K bytes of each file -n, --lines=[-]K print the first K lines instead of the first 10; with the leading `-', print all but the last K lines of each file -q, --quiet, --silent never print headers giving file names -v, --verbose always print headers giving file names --help display this help and exit --version output version information and exit K may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y.
tail – output the last part of files
Usage:
tail [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Options:
-c, --bytes=K
output the last K bytes; alternatively, use -c +K to output bytes starting with the Kth of each file
-f, --follow[={name|descriptor}]
output appended data as the file grows; -f, --follow, and --follow=descriptor are equivalent
-F
same as --follow=name --retry
-n, --lines=K
output the last K lines, instead of the last 10; or use -n +K to output lines starting with the Kth
--max-unchanged-stats=N
with --follow=name, reopen a FILE which has not changed size after N (default 5) iterations to see if it has been unlinked or renamed (this is the usual case of rotated log files). With inotify, this option is rarely useful.
--pid=PID
with -f, terminate after process ID, PID dies
-q, --quiet, --silent
never output headers giving file names
--retry
keep trying to open a file even when it is or becomes inaccessible; useful when following by name, i.e., with --follow=name
-s, --sleep-interval=N
with -f, sleep for approximately N seconds (default 1.0) between iterations. With inotify and --pid=P, check process P at least once every N seconds.
-v, --verbose
always output headers giving file names
pg – browse pagewise through text files
Usage:
pg [-number] [-p string] [-cefnrs] [+line] [+/pattern/] [file...]
Options:
-number The number of lines per page. Usually, this is the number of CRT lines minus one. -c Clear the screen before a page is displayed, if the terminfo entry for the terminal provides this capability. -e Do not pause and display (EOF) at the end of a file. -f Do not split long lines. -n Without this option, commands must be terminated by a newline character. With this option, pg advances once a command letter is entered. -p string Instead of the normal prompt :, string is displayed. If string contains %d, its first occurrence is replaced by the number of the current page. -r Disallow the shell escape. -s Print messages in standout mode, if the terminfo entry for the terminal provides this capability. +number Start at the given line. +/pattern/ Start at the line containing the Basic Regular Expression patâ tern given.